Published In : IJCAT Journal Volume 3, Issue 1

Date of Publication : January 2016

Pages : 48 - 57

Figures :14

Tables : --

Publication Link :HVAC Transmission for Offshore Wind Power

 

 

 

T. Rajesh : M.Tech Student Lenora College of Engineering- Rampachodavaram

M. Chandra Sekhar : Asst. Professor Lenora College of Engineering- Rampachodavaram

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Power Transmission

Thyristor Converters

Under-Water Power Cables

Wind Energy

A low-frequency ac transmission system for offshore wind power has been proposed. A method to design the system’s components and control strategies has been discussed. The use of a low frequency can improve the transmission capability of submarine power cables due to lower cable charging current. The proposed LFAC system appears to be a feasible solution for the integration of offshore wind power plants over long distances, and it might be a suitable alternative over HVDC systems in certain cases. Furthermore, it might be easier to establish an interconnected low-frequency ac network to transmit bulk power from multiple plants. In order to make betterinformed decisions, it is necessary to perform a complete technical and eco- Fig. 14. Transient waveforms during a wind power ramp event. side of the cycloconverter is 34.9 , which is close to the design requirement. Fig. 14 depicts the results of a transient simulation where the power from the wind turbines ramps from 0 to 180 MW, at a rate of 60 MW/s (perhaps unrealistically fast, but chosen to demonstrate that the system is stable even for this large transient). Shown are the transient responses of the dc bus voltage at the sending end, the magnitude of the fundamental component of the 20-Hz voltage generated by the cycloconverter, the active nomic comparison among HVAC, HVDC, and LFAC, evaluating factors, such as the transmission efficiency, investment and operating costs, and the performance under system transients.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

[1] National Grid Electricity Transmission, London, U.K., 2011 offshore development information statement, Tech. Rep., Sep. 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.nationalgrid.com/uk/Electricity/OffshoreTr ansmission/ODIS/Current Statement/ [2] T. Mai, R. Wiser, D. Sandor, G. Brinkman, G. Heath, P. Denholm, D.J. Hostick, N. Darghouth, A. Schlosser, and K. Strzepek, “Exploration of high-penetration renewable electricity futures study,” National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, Tech. Rep. NREL/TP-6A20- 52409-1, National Renewable Energy Laboratory. [3] N. B. Negra, J. Todorovic, and T. Ackermann, “Loss evaluation of HVAC and HVDC transmission solutions for large offshore wind farms,” Elect. Power Syst. Res., vol. 76, no. 11, pp. 916–927, Jul. 2006. [4] S. Bozhko, G. Asher, R. Li, J. Clare, and L. Yao, “Large offshore DFIGbased wind farm with linecommutated HVDC connection to the main grid: Engineering studies,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 119–127, Mar. 2008. [5] O. Gomis-Bellmunt, J. Liang, J. Ekanayake, R. King, and N. Jenkins, “Topologies of multiterminal HVDCVSC transmission for large offshore wind farms,” Elect. Power Syst. Res., vol. 81, no. 2, pp. 271–281, Feb. 2011. [6] P. Bresesti, W. L. Kling, R. L. Hendriks, and R. Vailati, “HVDC connection of offshore wind farms to the transmission system,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 37–43, Mar. 2007. [7] S. V. Bozhko, R. Blasco-Giménez, R. Li, J. C. Clare, and G. M. Asher, “Control of offshore DFIG-based wind farm grid with line-commutated HVDC connection,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 71–78, Mar. 2007. [8] J. Arrillaga, High Voltage Direct Current Transmission, 2nd ed. London, U.K.: Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1998. [9] N. Flourentzou, V. G. Agelidis, and G. D. Demetriades, “VSC-based HVDC power transmission systems: An overview,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 592–602, Mar. 2009. [10] T. Funaki and K. Matsuura, “Feasibility of the lower frequency AC transmission,” in Proc. IEEE Power Eng. Soc. Winter Meeting, 2000, vol. 4, pp. 2693– 2698. [11] X. Wang, C. Cao, and Z. Zhou, “Experiment on fractional frequency transmission system,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 372–377, Feb. 2006. [12] N. Qin, S. You, Z. Xu, and V. Akhmatov, “Offshore wind farm connection with low frequency ac transmission technology,” presented at the IEEE Power Energy Soc. Gen. Meeting, Calgary, AB, Canada, 2009. [13] Y. Cho, G. J. Cokkinides, and A. P. Meliopoulos, “Time domain simulation of a three-phase cycloconverter for LFAC transmission systems,” presented at the IEEE Power Energy Soc. Transm. Distrib. Conf. Expo., Orlando, FL, May 2012. [14] M. Liserre, R. Cárdenas, M. Molinas, and J. Rodríguez, “Overview of multi-MW wind turbines and wind parks,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 1081–1095, Apr. 2011. [15] C. Meyer, M. Höing, A. Peterson, and R. W. De Doncker, “Control and design of DC grids for offshore wind farms,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 1475–1482, Nov./Dec. 2007. [16] S. Lundberg, “Evaluation of wind farm layouts,” presented at the Nordic Workshop Power Ind. Electron., Trondheim, Norway, Jun. 2004. [17] J. Yang, J. Fletcher, and J. O’Reilly, “Multiterminal DC wind farm collection grid internal fault analysis and protection design,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 2308–2318, Oct. 2010. [18] J. Robinson, D. Jovcic, and G. Joós, “Analysis and design of an offshore wind farm using a MV DC grid,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 2164– 2173, Oct. 2010. [19] D. Jovcic, “Offshore wind farm with a series multiterminal CSI HVDC,” Elect. Power Syst. Res., vol. 78, no. 4, pp. 747–755, Apr. 2008. [20] A. Prasai, J.-S. Yim, D. Divan, A. Bendre, and S.-K. Sul, “A new architecture for offshore wind farms,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 1198– 1204, May 2008. [21] S. Nishikata and F. Tatsuta, “A new interconnecting method for wind turbine/generators in a wind farm and basic performances of the integrated system,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 468–475, Feb. 2010. [22] M. Popat, B. Wu, F. Liu, and N. Zargari, “Coordinated control of cascaded current-source converter based offshore wind farm,” IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 557–565, Jul. 2012. [23] M. H. Johnson, H. Chen, and D. C. Aliprantis, “Offshore wind farm with c collection system,” presented at the IEEE Power Energy Conf., Urbana, IL, Feb. 2013. [24] E. Prieto-Araujo, F. D. Bianchi, A. Junyent-Ferré, and O. Gomis-Bellmunt, “Methodology for droop control dynamic analysis of multiterminal VSC-HVDC grids for offshore wind farms,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 2476–2485, Oct. 2011. [25] E. Veilleux and B. Ooi, “Multiterminal HVDC with thyristor power-flow controller,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 27, no. 3, pp.1205–1212, Jul. 2012. [26] B. K. Bose, Modern Power Electronics and AC Drives. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2002. [27] J. Arrillaga, Y. H. Liu, and N. R. Watson, Flexible Power Transmission: The HVDC Options. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2007. [28] B. Wu, High-Power Converters and AC Drives. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2006. [29] P. C. Krause, O. Wasynczuk, and S. D. Sudhoff, Analysis of Electric Machinery and Drive Systems, 2nd ed. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2002. [30] B. R. Pelly, Thyristor Phase-Controlled Converters and Cycloconverters. New York: Wiley, 1971. [31] A. R. Bergen and V. Vittal, Power System Analysis, 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2000. [32] J. Arrillaga and N. R. Watson, Power System Harmonics, 2nd ed. Chichester, U.K.: Wiley, 2003. [33] “XLPE Land Cable Systems User’s Guide.” [Online]. Available: http:// www.abb.com [34] ABB, XLPE submarine cable systems. [Online]. Available:http://www.abb.com [35] National Grid Electricity Transmission plc., London, U.K., 2010 offshore development information statement, Tech. Rep., Sep. 2010. [Online]. Available: http://www.nationalgrid.com/uk/Electricity/ ODIS/Archive/ [36] L. Freris and D. Infield, Renewable Energy in Power Systems.Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2008. [37] “PLECS User Manual,” [Online]. Available: http://www.plexim.com/ downloads/ [38] 5STP 42U6500 data sheet. [Online]. Available: http://www.abb.com/ ProductGuide/ [39] 5STP 08F6500 data sheet. [Online]. Available: http://www.abb.com/ ProductGuide